DETERMINATION ON NITROGEN CONTENT OF ANTIBACTERIAL COTTON FABRIC TREATED WITH CHITOSAN
Authors: LUU, THI THO; VU, THI HONG KHANH; NGUYEN, TUAN ANH AND NGUYEN, THI KIM THU
Abstract: The study aims to evaluate the nitrogen content on antibacterial cotton fabrics treated with chitosan using four different quantitative determination methods: field-emission scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (FESEM-EDX), dyeability of antibacterial treated samples based on color strength (K/S), elemental analyses via combustion tests, and antibacterial ability under dynamic contact conditions or the dynamic shake flask test. The nitrogen content was analyzed under the effects of molecular weight (MW) of chitosan (2.6 kDa and 187 kDa), crosslinkers including citric acid (CA) and dimethylol dihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHE), and washing cycles. The findings from these measurements not only determined the nitrogen content of antibacterial cotton fabric but also elucidated the bonding mechanism between cellulose and chitosan in the presence of crosslinking compounds. Consequently, the antibacterial activity of cotton fabrics treated with chitosan could be indirectly assessed through the nitrogen content obtained from the amine groups of finishing compounds.
Keywords: Nitrogen content; Antibacterial activity; Crosslinker; Chitosan; Cotton fabric; Dyeability.
Pages: 3-11
THE EFFECT OF ELECTRIC PULSE TREATMENT ON THE PROPERTIES OF HEMP FIBRE
Authors: RASTORHUIEVA, MARIIA; YEVTUSHENKO, VALENTYNA; SHVETS, GALINA; ANDRONOV, VLADIMIR; DANCHENKO, YULIYA AND OLIJNYK, HALINA
Abstract: The production of competitive textile products can be ensured by using natural, environmentally friendly fibres, which include hemp fibre, as raw materials. To expand the possibility of its use, an essential operation is the pre-treatment of the fibre. The use of electric pulse processing of hemp fibre will provide the ability to control the depth of cottonization, select optimal parameters that collectively evaluate the spinning ability of the fibre and correspond to the permissible similar indicators of cotton fibre. The purpose of the work done is to study the mechanism of electric pulse processing of hemp fibre by identifying its structural characteristics under various processing modes for further use. The work carried out studies of the process of cottonization of hemp fibre by a physical-mechanical method using an electric pulse discharge from 500 to 2500 cycles. An effective mode of electric pulse processing of fibres has been established, amounting to 2500 pulses of electric discharges, which makes it possible to obtain cottonized hemp fibre with the required spinning ability. The parameters of cottonized hemp fibre have been determined, allowing the use of hemp cottonin to produce mixed yarn using a card spinning system on cotton spinning equipment.
Keywords: Electric pulse treatment; Hemp fibre; Microscopic sections; Cottonization; Morphological structure; Yarn.
Pages: 12-20
DEVELOPMENT OF ANTIFUNGAL FINISHES FOR WATER HYACINTH PRODUCTS
Authors: POOMFUANG, KRIT; JARIYAPUNYA, NAREERUT; HATHAIWASEEWONG, SUNEE; ROUNGPAISAN, NANJAPORN; THONGSALEE, AREEYA; JINGJIT, PIYANUT AND VENKATARAMAN, MOHANAPRIYA
Abstract: This work discusses the research conducted to develop an appropriate agent to enhance the anti-fungal properties of water hyacinth stalks, which are commonly used in handicraft products in Thailand. The objective of the research was to find an agent that would prevent fungal infestations, prolong the shelf life of the products, and ultimately increase the income for the craft makers. The initial experiment involved treating cotton fabrics with three different antifungal solutions: Chitosan, Zinc Pyrithione, and Poly (allylamine hydrochloride). These treated samples were then tested with Aspergillus niger, a common fungal strain, using the standard antifungal test AATCC 30. Among the three finishes, the fabric treated with Poly (allylamine hydrochloride) displayed the highest anti-fungal properties. However, the fabric treated with Zinc Pyrithione effectively inhibited fungal growth but left visible white particles on the fabric. Chitosan, on the other hand, did not significantly inhibit fungal growth. Based on these test results, it was concluded that a solution of Poly (allylamine hydrochloride) can be employed as a finishing agent for water hyacinth to enhance its antifungal properties in water hyacinth-based products. Additionally, it was found that a higher concentration of Poly (allylamine hydrochloride) (100 g/L) is necessary to effectively prevent fungal growth on water hyacinth stalks. By utilizing this research, local Thai communities can enhance the durability and longevity of their water hyacinth handicraft products, reducing the impact of fungal infestations and increasing their income.
Keywords: Poly(allylamine hydrochloride); Antifungal; Water hyacinth.
Pages: 21-27
ANTIVIRAL TEXTILES AND ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY TESTING - THE USE OF BACTERIOPHAGE SURROGATE FOR ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY TESTING
Authors: TVRZOVÁ, LUDMILA; BLAHOVÁ, ANNA; FOJT, JAKUB; DOUBKOVÁ, HANA AND PROCHÁZKA, JIŘÍ
Abstract: The risk of dissemination of highly contagious viral diseases (as COVID-19, Ebola) led in the increasing need to develop functional textiles and surfaces with antiviral effect. Antiviral textiles are designed to reduce the viability and infectivity of viruses on their surfaces and by this way to reduce the cases of infection (including re-infection or cross-infection with contaminated textiles). Different antiviral agents and diverse techniques of their application are used for functionalized textiles manufacturing. The most often used antivirals are metallic and ionic silver and copper, iron oxide, quaternary ammonium salts. The aim of the process is to prepare textiles with long-term durable finishing effective in viral activity inhibition. The basic step of functionalized antiviral textiles development is antiviral effectivity testing. The safe method of testing with the use of Phi6 bacteriophage, SARS-CoV-2 and Ebola virus surrogate, was modified for antiviral textiles testing. The samples of textiles with antiviral finishing were tested by the bacteriophage-based method and excellent antiviral activity was detected for all tested materials. The woven cotton was used as reference untreated material, the different textile cotton structures with similar square weight were compared and no statistically significant difference was found between the resulting antiviral efficacy values. A simple and quickly feasible screening method for determining the antiviral properties of textiles, especially with leaching-type of treatment, was also designed and tested.
Keywords: Antiviral; Bacteriophage; Finishing; Textiles; Virus.
Pages: 28-34
SPECTROKINETIC INVESTIGATION OF THE PHOTOCHROMIC SYSTEM UNDER CONTINUOUS UV IRRADIANCE USING REFLECTANCE VS. TIME CURVES
Authors: SOLANKI, UTKARSHSINH B.; VIKOVÁ, MARTINA AND VIK, MICHAL
Abstract: The photochromic properties of the dye 5-chloro-1,3,3-trimethylspiro[indoline-2,3'-[3H] naphtho[2,1-b] [1,4]- oxazine] were investigated by exposing it to continuous monochromatic irradiation using 360 nm ultraviolet irradiation using photochromic prints at 293.15 2 K; it undergoes a photocoloration and photodecoloration state, thus following the dynamics of a photochromic cycle of growth and decay phase, respectively. Even if the isolated photo isomeric form of the photochromic dye structure is unavailable, one can quantitatively analyse the photo-induced kinetics of photochromic systems using the raw reflectance data. The quantum colour yield is represented by colour span values [K/S] obtained by converting reflectance data to Kubelka- Munk values. The dynamics of the photoreaction in a photochromic system can be examined by analysing the constants for the rate of colouration and decolouration caused by light. By employing first-order kinetics, the dependent dominant wavelength [max] can be determined by fitting the raw data obtained as a change in reflectance values from the FOTOCHROM3 spectrophotometer. The relationship between the colour span values and the concentration of the photochromic dye employed in the photochromic prints is linear.
Keywords: Photokinetics; Photochromic system; Spiroxazine dye; Colour span values; UV irradiance.
Pages: 35-41
GARMENT DURABILITY ANALYSIS – INFLUENCE OF TEXTILE MAINTENANCE
Authors: WIENER, JAKUB; ŠUBROVÁ, TEREZA AND COETZEE, DIVAN
Abstract: Textiles used in clothing pose a large environmental burden from their initial manufacturing, maintenance and end of life. Garment production is a major problem whose environmental impacts can be easily quantified since it is a defined production process. To implement sustainable processes, it is necessary to evaluate the entire life cycle of a garment, including its maintenance and end-of-life. In this study, the maintenance phase of the garment is investigated. The garment maintenance is divided into real applied steps, and these individual steps are analysed in terms of raw material especially regarding potential/real damage to the treated garment fabric. The different maintenance steps are contextualised by the survey and results of the questionnaire used for the study. This investigated which gentle maintenance practices the respondents use in practice. The source of the analysed data is a questionnaire survey made in the Czech Republic. The result is a thorough analysis of the maintenance practices associated with garments and an analysis of ways to extend the lifetime of garments and thus reduce their environmental burden caused by excessive waste generation.
Keywords: Garment; Durability; Textile maintenance.
Pages: 42-49
THE EFFECT OF COMPRESSION STOCKING ON LEGS’ GEOMETRY CHANGES WITHIN DIFFERENT MOVEMENT
Authors: KYZYMCHUK, OLENA; RIABCHYKOV, MYKOLA; KYOSEV, YORDAN; MELNYK, LIUDMYLA AND BOLL, JESSIKA
Abstract: In this study, the changes in leg size and shape as well as pressure at different sites of a lower leg were investigated using advanced tools such as the Move4D scan system and Texsens pressure measuring device. The effect of the class of compression stocking, wearing time, and movement type was analyzed for one volunteer. It is the basis for the high-accuracy ready-to-wear compression stocking development based on the concept of personalization.
Keywords: Compression stocking; 4D body scanning; Lower leg; Body size and shape; Dynamic position
Pages: 50-55
SYNCHROTRON BASED X-RAY ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY FOR STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF BASALT FIBERS
Authors: LICHTENBERG, HENNING; MAHLTIG, BORIS; KLYSUBUN, WANTANA; PRANGE, ALEXANDER AND HORMES, JOSEF
Abstract: X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (XANES) spectroscopy at the Synchrotron Light Research Institute (Thailand) was used to investigate temperature related structural changes in basalt fibers. As a first step, XANES spectra of fiber samples cut from a basalt roving heated for 1 hour at 800 °C were recorded at the K absorption edges of three chemical elements and compared with the spectra of the untreated fibers. Silicon and calcium K-edge XANES spectra of the fibers were not affected by heating, whereas iron K-edge XANES spectra were significantly influenced by heating at 800 °C. The high iron content in basalt fibers has been attributed to their higher thermal stability compared to common natural or synthetic fibers. As a next step, iron K-edge XANES spectra of two types of fibers (basalt roving and uncoated chopped fibers) were recorded after heating at temperatures between 600 °C and 900 °C. In both cases, with increasing temperature the absorption edge shifts to higher energies, indicating progressing oxidation of the iron atoms in the fibers. These experiments demonstrate the potential of X-ray absorption spectroscopy as a powerful analytical tool to investigate structural changes in basalt fibers upon heating and to correlate them with changes in their mechanical properties.
Keywords: Compression stocking; 4D body scanning; Lower leg; Body size and shape; Dynamic position
Pages: 56-65
DATA ANALYSIS FOR THE PREDICTION OF TEXTILE WASTE RECYCLING IN UKRAINE
Authors: BUKHANTSOVA, LIUDMYLA; ZACHARKEVICH, OKSANA; LUSCHEVSKA, OLENA; KRASNIUK, LARYSA; KOSHEVKO, YULIA; DITKOVSKA, OLESYA AND SHVETS, GALINA
Abstract: The textile and sewing industry is known to be the second most environmentally harmful industry for the environment. To maintain a circular economy, textile sources should be recycled, repaired, and used as much as possible while retaining their value. This research provides primary information about the database of post-production textile waste. The data suggests that 30 garment companies produce 778.11 tons of postproduction textile waste per year, with cotton accounting for 42.14% and polyester for 32.45%. It is important to consider processing waste using different technologies according to the certification of textile waste to determine its raw material composition and purity. For an effective waste management policy, it is essential to implement it systematically, continually assess outcomes and challenges, and involve all stakeholders and activities that generate and manage waste. This is crucial in formulating an effective waste management policy.
Keywords: Recycling; Textile waste; Cotton waste; Polyester waste; Pre-consumer waste; Post-production waste.
Pages: 66-73
IMAGE-BASED CROSS-SECTIONAL ANALYSIS AND MICROMECHANICAL MODELING OF YARN AND COMPOSITE MATERIALS
Authors: OVERBERG, MATTHIAS; ZALEWSKA, EMILIA; ABDKADER, ANWAR AND CHERIF, CHOKRI
Abstract: This study aims to establish a comprehensive methodology for determining the microstructural properties of hybrid yarns used in composite materials. By developing accurate models of hybrid yarns and composites based on detailed microstructural information such as fibre orientation, fibre diameter and distribution, this approach lays the foundation for future advances. These models, enriched with accurate microstructural data, will facilitate the creation of new modelling techniques that can be used in future research to explore the correlation between microstructural properties and mechanical performance of composite materials.
Keywords: Hybrid composite; Microstructural properties; Intermixing; Fiber distribution.
Pages: 74-80
