GEOMETRIC AND MECHANICAL MODELING OF WEFTKNITTED FABRICS USING HELICOID SCAFFOLDS
Authors: BREEN, DAVID; WADEKAR, PARAS; AMANATIDES, CHELSEA; DION, GENEVIEVE AND KAMIEN, RANDALL
Abstract: We present a bicontinuous, minimal surface (the helicoid) as a scaffold on which to define the topology and geometry of yarns in a weft-knitted fabric. Modeling with helicoids offers a geometric approach to simulating a physical manufacturing process, which should generate geometric models suitable for downstream analyses. The centerline of a yarn in a knitted fabric is specified as a geodesic path, with constrained boundary conditions, running along a helicoid at a fixed distance. The shape of the yarn’s centerline is produced via an optimization process over a polyline. The distances between the vertices of the polyline are shortened and a repulsive potential keeps the vertices at a specified distance from the helicoid. These actions and constraints are formulated into a single “cost” function, which is then minimized. The yarn geometry is generated as a tube around the centerline. The optimized configuration, defined for a half loop, is duplicated, reflected, and shifted to produce the centerlines for the multiple stitches that make up a fabric. The approach provides a promising framework for estimating the mechanical behavior/properties of weftknitted fabrics. Fabric-level deformation energy may be estimated by scaling the helicoid scaffold, computing new yarn paths, determining the amount of ensuing yarn stretch, and computing the total amount of yarn stretching energy. Computational results are calibrated and verified with measurements taken from actual yarns and fabrics.
Keywords: Minimal surface; Computational modelling; Weft-knitted fabrics; Yarn geometry; Optimization.
Pages: 5-12
PYTEXLIB – OPEN SOURCE PYTHON LIBRARY FOR SCRIPTING TEXTILE STRUCTURES
Authors: KYOSEV, YORDAN; NAAKE, ANSELM AND SCHMIDT, ANN-MALIN
Abstract: This work presents a small, minimalistic, pure Python based open source library, which was designed to simplify the parametric creation of textile structures. The library comes as result of long years of teaching modelling of textiles at master and PhD level, where the difficulties with all existing packages and the learning outcomes from such one course were considered. The idea of the library is that the students learn at the same time first steps of programming Python using small library, it is running on any operation system and from other point of view, the user is able to concentrate on the textile architecture, not getting lost in the coding style, data structures etc. PyTexLib is used since 4 years successful in the education at TU Dresden and in WE-TEAM program and is available as open source at GitHub.
Keywords: Modelling; Textile structures; Library; Open source; 3D modelling; Python.
Pages: 13-15
THE RESISTANCE OF FIBER-REINFORCED 3D PRINTED STABPROOF ARMOR ELEMENTS: MATERIALS, GEOMETRIES, DIMENSION AND ORIENTATION
Authors: SITOTAW, DEREJE BERIHUN; MUENKS, DOMINIK AND KYOSEV, YORDAN KOSTADINOV
Abstract: The majorities of stab protective armors limit several comfort parameters such as locomotion, movement, respiration, flexibility and weight which determine the efficient use by officers. Lightweight and effective protection with the necessary comfort parameters such as flexibility, respiration and free locomotion through the development of three dimensional printed (3DP) scales based on natural armors from fibers using continuous filament fabrication is the main objective of this research. In this study, stab protective armor scale-like elements with different materials, shapes, sizes and portions of a part investigated against stabbing force. Onyx, Aramid, carbon and different ratio Onyx/Kevlar by inserting fiber at different fiber filling angles (0/45/90/135)N were used in this investigation. The specimens were tested according to VPAM KDIW 2004. The result revealed that the scales with Onyx, Kevlar/Onyx and Kevlar fiber-reinforced protective scales failed while the carbon fiber resists the puncturing energy level K1 (25 J) with the penetration depth less than the maximum allowable penetration depth of the knife through the protectors. The large size protective elements and rectangular geometries withstand the impact energy relative to triangular geometries. The result revealed that the material type, its alignment, size and shapes of protection elements and portions of the scales where the weight dropped significantly influence the resistance against the impact energy to puncture with the intended energy level and sharp tipped knife.
Keywords: Protection armor; 3D printed scales; Impact energy; Penetration depth; Fiber-reinforcement; Geometries and their sizes; 3D printing; Stab protection.
Pages: 16-26
ELECTROSPUN BIO-NANOCOMPOSITE WEBS BY CELLULOSE NANOCRYSTAL (CNC)-LOADED POLYLACTIDE AND ITS BLENDS
Authors: HANDAN, PALAK AND BURÇAK, KARAGÜZEL KAYAOĞLU
Abstract: In this study, effects of polylactide (PLA) melt flow rate, and dichloromethane (DCM)/dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solvent blend ratio on cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) dispersion quality in PLA/CNC bionanocomposites, prepared via solution casting, were studied. Besides, the electrospinning behaviour of CNC-loaded PLAs and its blends with poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) was explored. The rheological analysis confirmed good CNC dispersion ability in PLAs with high melt flow rate specifically in solvents comprising DMSO. Besides, it was observed that CNC loading directly affected the morphological structure of the obtained nanofibrous webs. Thermal analysis indicated that CNCs acted as a nucleation agent and promoting the crystallization process by lowering cold crystallization temperatures and increasing the degree of crystallinity. The outcomes provide a groundwork for future studies on the fabrication of bionanocomposite webs from PLA/PBAT blends for a variety of applications.
Keywords: Polylactide; Polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate; Cellulose nanocrystals; Bio-nanocomposite; Nanofiber.
Pages: 27-30
MODAL ANALYSIS OF A LAMINATE PLATE WITH 10 MM NOTCH FOCUSED ON THE EFFECT OF A FUNCTIONALLY ORIENTED FABRIC LAYUP WITH 20 MM WIDE CARBON STRIPS
Authors: ZBONČÁK, RADEK
Abstract: Functionally oriented fabric (FOF) is a woven textile featuring irregularly distributed secondary material strips in both warp and weft directions, designed to locally improve the mechanical properties of laminates, particularly around openings. This study investigates the impact of different FOF laminate layups on the natural frequencies of laminates with a 10 mm notch. The analyzed layup configurations include [0/90]s, [0/45]s, and [0/30/60]s, with 20 mm wide carbon strips incorporated into the glass fiber structure. The research demonstrates that the FOF structure significantly increases the natural frequencies about 20 % for bending modes of 0/90 layup. About 5 % and almost 30 % for twisting and bending modes respectively in the 0/30/60 layup, and over 20 % and about 40 % for twisting and bending modes respectively in the 0/45 layup. These enhancements help to prevent resonance in standard operating frequencies of mechanisms and machines, thus extending their operational lifespan. Additionally, the strategic placement of functional material strips around structural openings provides increased stiffness without the need for extra layers, effectively reducing the laminate's overall mass. This study highlights the potential of FOF to improve the dynamic performance and lifespan of laminated composite structures used in various engineering applications.
Keywords: Functionally oriented fabrics; Composite material; Modal analysis; Natural frequency; FEA; Circular notch.
Pages: 31-34
PROPERTIES OF WOOL FIBERS REINFORCED COMPOSITES
Authors: BARBURSKI, MARCIN; LEMMI, TSEGAYE AND PONIECKA, AGATA
Abstract: Natural fiber-reinforced composites (NFRCs) have gained significant attention for their array of advantages, including biodegradability, low density, and cost-effectiveness compared to synthetic fiber-reinforced composites. The surge in interest is driven by a global shift towards sustainability and eco-conscious practices across various industries. Consequently, there has been a significant increase in exploration and innovation within the realm of natural fiber composites, reflecting a collective effort towards more environmentally friendly material solutions. Industries such as automotive, construction, aviation, and aerospace are increasingly exploring the use of natural fiber composites. However, the flammability of natural fiber-reinforced composites is a major challenge that needs to be addressed. Wool fiber, known for its natural flame-retardant and self-extinguishing properties, has been widely used in the textile industry to produce apparel, but its use in composite production has been limited. This study explores the feasibility of using wool fibers for composite reinforcement, primarily for applications where fire resistance is required. In this work, wool woven fabric and unidirectional (UD) wool roving were used as preforms, and a bio-based resin was applied through resin infusion techniques to produce the composites. The prepared composite samples were subjected to tensile, three-point bending, thermal insulation, and fire-resistance experimental investigations. The results obtained from the experimental investigations indicate that wool fiber has promising potential as a reinforcement material in composite applications mostly where fire resistance is critical.
Keywords: Wool fiber; Composite; Fire resistance; Mechanical properties; Sustainability; Natural fibers.
Pages: 35-38
HYDROPHOBIC AND ANTIBACTERIAL TREATMENT OF JUTE FIBERS AND STUDY THEIR APPLICATION IN BIO COMPOSITES DEVELOPMENT
Authors: MAHVISH, FATIMA AND WASEEM, IJAZ
Abstract: Bio-composites refers to composite materials made from sustainable materials. Jute fiber reinforced composites have inherent problem due to moisture and bacterial attack. The developed green composites are having resistance against environmental factors. At first, waste of jute fibres was pre-treated. Then two different approaches were adopted to enhance ageing factors of developed green composites. This research was proposed to go through methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS), hydrophobic treatments, and for antipathogenic effect with ZnO nanoparticles were used. Morphological effects of chemical treatments on the jute fibers was analysed by scanning electron microscope. A significant decrease in moisture regain, increase in antibacterial zone of treated and untreated reinforcement samples was observed, when the concentration of chemical finish (methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) was 30 g/L and ZnO NPs also 30g/L was used. Subsequently the effects on the both mechanical properties and regain of moisture of composites reinforced with jute fiber was observed. At the concentration of 30 g/L a notable difference was spotted in moisture regain values of both treated and control (untreated) samples of reinforcement. Treated based composites regain less content of moisture and presents better mechanical properties (tensile strength and flexibility).
Keywords: Antibacterial; Bio-composites; Chemical treatment; Moisture regain; ZnO nanoparticles; Degradation.
Pages: 39-44
INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF SOFTENERS ON COTTON KNITTED FABRIC STIFFNESS
Authors: GÜLER, BUKET; KALKAN, ISMET EGE; ÇELEBI, ŞAMIL AND ŞAHIN, UMUT KIVANÇ
Abstract: Textile comfort of the fabrics is becoming very popular and soft touch is one of the prominent features. The main desired properties of cellulosic knits are their pleasant appearance, softness, absorbency, breathability, texture and comfort, which make them ideal for use in casual wear, sportswear, underwear, etc. Improving the performance and properties of cellulosic knits such as dimensional stability, smoothness, drapability, etc. through functional finishes is becoming necessary to cope with the demands of consumers and garment manufacturers. In this novel study 2 types of knitted structures (single jersey and pique) made of 100% cotton were used. Three different softening chemicals (macro silicone, micro silicone and seam facilitator) were used and acetic acid were used as a binding agent. According to the results, it was determined that macro silicone softener in single jersey knitted fabric and seam facilitator softener in pique knitted fabric gave more effective results in terms of hand feeling properties.
Keywords: Comfort; Finishing; Hand feeling; Softener; Cotton.
Pages: 45-47
ANALYZING THE EFFECT OF BLENDING RATIO AND SPINNING SYSTEM ON THE PROPERTIES OF BAMBOO/COTTON FABRICS DYED WITH ACORN DYESTUFF
Authors: ÜZÜMCÜ, MEMIK BÜNYAMIN; SARIOĞLU, ESIN; NACARKAHYA,TÜLIN; SATIL, ŞEYMA AND SARI, BURAK
Abstract: In the context of sustainable development goals, a diverse array of contributing studies has emerged within the textile sector. It is evident that the majority of these studies encompass both legal and customer obligations. The objective of contemporary businesses is to manufacture products that demonstrate a high level of environmental sensitivity. For instance, the objective is to reduce the quantity of waste products, to achieve energy-efficient production, to minimize the amount of chemicals employed, to reduce water consumption, to utilize energy derived from renewable sources, and thus to diminish the carbon footprint. From an environmental standpoint, the chemicals utilized in textile product manufacturing have emerged as a significant consideration. It is preferable that the chemicals employed in the dyeing process (dyestuffs, bleaching agents, softeners, etc.) are environmentally sensitive. Furthermore, the use of organic dyes in the dyeing process is also employed as a means of obtaining a more sustainable product. In the context of this study, the production of bamboo/cotton yarn was conducted at varying blend ratios (67/33%, 50/50%, and 33/67%) through the use of three distinct production methods (open end, vortex, and ring systems). Single jersey knitted fabrics were produced using these yarns with the same production parameters. Subsequently, the fabrics were dyed using acorn natural dyestuff. Pilling, fastness and CIELab analyses were performed on the fabric samples, and the results were subjected to statistical analysis.
Keywords: Sustainability; Organic dye; Acorn dye; Color fastness.
Pages: 48-52
DEVELOPING CNN-AUGMENTED MODELS TO PREDICT CIELAB OUTCOMES POST-BLEACHING OF DENIM GARMENTS
Authors: KALKAN, İBRAHIM ERDEM; ÇALIŞKAN, EBRU; ŞAHIN, CENK; BALCI, ONUR AND KUVVETLI, YUSUF
Abstract: Denim garment production demands efficient design processes to minimize waste, costs, and production delays. Bleaching, among other finishing processes, holds paramount importance due to its numerous variables and substantial impact on product value. Artificial neural networks have great potential to achieve superior performance in anticipating various process outcomes. Their parameterized structure effectively captures non-linear relationships between input features. This study aims to effectively predict fabric outcomes by developing an artificial neural network (ANN) model supported by convolutional neural networks (CNN) to provide additional features derived from raw and semi-processed fabric images. The study represents a comparison of CNN powered models with a common predictive ANN as base model. Competing models incorporate various process variables and fabric properties, such as dying number and elasticity to predict changes in denim CIELab properties after bleaching. The process features of the model are the number of bleaching cycles, total process time, and concentration of sodium hypochlorite (representing the total amount of chemical used). The mean absolute percentage error is used as the performance measure between predictions and desired outputs. This research plays a significant role in enhancing agility in denim production by providing businesses with more efficient approaches to digitized denim bleaching and Research and Development processes in the textile industry.
Keywords: Denim; Bleaching; Effect; Artificial neural networks.
Pages: 53-57
THE DEVELOPMENT OF STONE WASHING PROCESS FOR DENIM WITH ALTERNATIVE MATERIALS USING FOAM APPLICATION TECHNIQUE
Authors: USLU, ONUR; YILMAZ, SERKAN AND PEKTAŞ, ELIF AYLIN
Abstract: Denim fabrics are fabrics dyed with indigo dye. As the garments produced from denim fabrics are washed, the indigo dye is easily removed from the product. The color of the product is bleached by the transfer of the dye in the product to the washing environment, the solution. Since indigo dye is a dye that can be easily eroded, especially by physical and chemical methods; it is also known as 'living dye'. In the conventional washing processes of denim products, the solution is first contaminated when the indigo dye passes into the solution. The return of this unbound dye found in the solution to the product is called 'back dyeing'. The most contaminated parts in back dyed products are the white pockets, labels and potassium permanganate (KMnO4) applied parts of the product. Back dyeing occurs in the process called 'stone washing', where pumice stone is mostly used in wet processes. Pumice stone is a round and oval shaped stone with a rough surface collected from volcanoes. In order to obtain the desired appearance, the products are rotated in a wet environment in denim industrial washing machines with stones. Stones scrape off the dye particles from the surface of the dyed yarn and give the desired result. Stones can damage the garment and washing machine due to their high abrasion. They leave stone dust and residues on the garments and inside the pockets. This causes the addition of extra rinsing and manual pocket cleaning processes. The stone used as a physical abrasive melts after the abrasion effect and passes from the drain to the channel after a certain number of washes and becomes solid waste. By extending the abrasion feature of the stone, the physical waste rate left in the solution can be reduced. The dirt containing paint and stone waste coming out of the products after abrasion is carried to other products in the machine with the water in the solution. It causes the dirt to contaminate other products. For this purpose, physical abrasives that are not easy to melt and foam are combined in a water-free environment in the machine.
Keywords: Denim; Foam; Stone; Back staining; Abrasion; Effecting.
Pages: 58-62
DESIGN OF ELECTRICALLY CONDUCTIVE, HIGHLY STRETCHABLE, HYGIENIC ELECTRODES FOR ELECTROTHERAPY
Authors: ALI, AZAM; MILITKY, JIRI; TOMKOVA, BLANKA AND WIENER, JAKUB
Abstract: The main objective of this study was to create versatile and wearable electrically conductive electrodes for Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) application, ensuring they are comfortable by depositing silver particles directly onto the carbon particles imparted rubber electrodes. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to analyze the shape of the deposited silver particles. To enhance the electrode's performance during body movements, the conductive fabrics were stretched repeatedly, and changes in resistivity were observed. The electrical resistance showed minimal variation with small extensions, remaining relatively constant between 0–75% stretch. Resistance increased significantly after 80% stretch, but the fabric's resistivity remained stable even after over 100 stretching cycles. Additionally, there was no significant change in resistivity over time at a constant current. The study also investigated the antibacterial properties of the deposited particles against bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The antifungal activity assessment using Aspergillus fumigatus further underscores the benefits of the silver-plated elastomers in combating fungal growth. Finally, the durability of the coated fabrics concerning comfort and electrical properties was evaluated through multiple pressure applied, showing good particle retention and only a slight decrease in conductivity.
Keywords: Silver electroplating; Carbon particles; Multifunctional electrodes; Electrostimulation and Antibacterial.
Pages: 63-67
ADSORPTION OF METHYLENE BLUE DYE FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION USING BIO-WASTE POPLAR FIBER
Authors: USTA, CANAN; SEYHAN, AYBENIZ AND GÜRARSLAN, ALPER
Abstract: Poplar fiber corresponds to the seed hairs of the Populus genus trees and is a naturally abundant lignocellulosic fiber with the features of thin-walled large lumen, lightweight and hydrophobic properties. Based on the structure and properties exhibited by poplar fiber nominate it as a highly favored adsorbent material for cationic dyes. This study aims to determine the adsorption efficiency for methylene blue (MB) dye with chemically enhanced poplar fibers and compare its capacity with milkweed fibers. Prior to adsorption experiments, the fibers were treated with NaOH solution to remove the wax coating attached on the fiber surface. Adsorption studies were performed in a batch system using dye solution with initial dye concentration of 50 mg L-1. The adsorbent dosage was evaluated at 10 g L-1 amount, with contact time of 3 h and without pH adjustment. After the experiments, the remaining dye concentration in liquid was quantified in UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The results revealed that poplar fiber exhibited higher adsorption capacity compared with milkweed fiber. Poplar fibers were efficient to decolorize MB dye solution, reaching a higher color removal percentage than milkweed fibers. It can be concluded that poplar fibers were alternative adsorbents for removing cationic dyes due to their hollow structure.
Keywords: Poplar fiber; Dyeing; Adsorption; Cationic dye; Methylene blue.
Pages: 68-71
EVALUATING BIODEGRADATION RATES IN NEAT PCL- AND PCL/PLA-BASED BIOCOMPATIBLE TUBULAR SCAFFOLDS
Authors: OZTEMUR, JANSET; OZDEMIR, SUZAN; TEZCAN-UNLU, HAVVA; CECENER, GULSAH; SEZGIN, HANDE1 AND YALCIN-ENIS, IPEK
Abstract: Vascular grafts are synthetic tubular structures that play an important role in replacing damaged vessels in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Existing grafts, especially in small-diameter vessels, face persistent issues such as thrombosis, immune rejection, and mechanical limitations. Vascular grafts designed with an innovative perspective to overcome these deficiencies are tubular scaffolds with a biodegradable structure and a layered design that mimics the native artery structure. This study focuses on the development of biodegradable and biocompatible tubular scaffolds with randomly distributed and radially oriented fibers in different layers to replicate the native structure of artery, utilizing neat polycaprolactone (PCL) and PCL/polylactic acid (PLA) blend with 4/1 polymer blend ratio. Electrospinning technique is employed to fabricate tubular fibrous structures. The biodegradation profiles of these scaffolds are assessed at 3, 6, and 9 months, with comparative analyses conducted to explore how polymer type and orientation level influence degradation rates and the structural integrity of the materials over time. The findings reveal that scaffolds with randomly distributed fibers exhibit higher biodegradation rates compared to those with oriented fibers, particularly in the PCL/PLA blends. Specifically, the study identifies PCL_R as having the highest degradation rate at 61% weight loss by the 9th month. Importantly, while PCL is known for its slow degradation, the high molecular weight of PLA leads to a slower degradation profile in the PCL/PLA samples. These insights underscore the critical role of scaffold morphology and composition in optimizing the performance and functionality of vascular grafts, highlighting the need for scaffolds that support cellular activities while effectively degrading to facilitate tissue regeneration without toxic effects.
Keywords: Polycaprolactone; Polylactic acid; Tissue engineering; Electrospinning; Biodegradability.
Pages: 72-75
SUTURE RETENTION STRENGTH OF BILAYER VASCULAR GRAFTS MADE OF PCL, PLA AND THEIR COPOLYMER
Authors: OZDEMIR, SUZAN; OZTEMUR, JANSET; YOLGOSTEREN, ATIF; SEZGIN, HANDE1 AND ENIS, IPEK YALCIN
Abstract: The mechanical characteristics of small-diameter vascular grafts, including factors like modulus, elasticity, compliance, burst strength, and suture retention strength, need to be in line with those of native blood vessels. Even a slight mismatch in mechanical properties between the graft and the native vessel can lead to graft failure. Suture retention strength, a critical mechanical aspect, represents the force needed to remove a stitch from the graft or cause the graft wall to rupture. This property is vital for preventing leaks, maintaining proper blood flow, aiding tissue healing, ensuring long-term durability, and reducing complications in vascular grafts. In this study, bilayered vascular grafts are fabricated by electrospinning using polycaprolactone (PCL), poly (lactic acid) (PLA), and poly(l-lactide-co-caprolactone) (PLCL) polymers. The actual suturing conditions of vascular scaffolds are simulated and how the choice of polymer for the inner layer affects suture retention strength is assessed. At the post-mechanical stage, the morphologies of the scaffolds are investigated to gain a clearer understanding of how the material reacts to applied forces. The findings reveal that all the fabricated bilayer vascular scaffolds exhibit excellent suture performance, with strength values exceeding 10 N, and that polymer selection for the inner layer for the grafts significantly influences the results. Blending PCL and PLA in the inner layer is found to reduce suture retention strength, while using neat polymers results in better retention strength. This experiment offers a more precise assessment of suture retention strength for bilayer vascular grafts, facilitating further optimization of tissueengineered grafts to meet specific mechanical requirements.
Keywords: Suture retention strength; Vascular grafts; Blood vessels; Tissue engineering.
Pages: 76-79
INVESTIGATION OF THE PRODUCTION OF TRICLOSAN/CHITOSAN NANOCAPSULES FOR FUNCTIONAL SURFACE APPLICATIONS
Authors: DASDEMIR, MEHMET; SERDAR, SERAP GAMZE AND IBILI, HATICE
Abstract: This study focuses on producing monodisperse nanocapsules with a triclosan/chitosan core-shell structure using the coaxial electrospray method. The coaxial electrospraying method enables the production of core/shell structured nanocapsules in a single step. The effects of flow rate, core-to-shell flow rate ratio, and needle size on the coaxial electrospray process were systematically analyzed. The resulting nanocapsule structures were characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and size measurements. The experiments demonstrated that fibrillation more likely occurred when the chitosan content was highest.
Keywords: Coaxial electrospray; Encapsulation; Chitosan; Triclosan.
Pages: 80-84
IMPROVE THE ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTIES OF COTTON BANDAGES COATED WITH SILVER PARTICLES AND FINISHED WITH A NATURALLY EXTRACTED DYE
Authors: RASHID, SABA AND FATIMA, MAHVISH
Abstract: We created antibacterial stretchable medicated textiles. Initially, we used a versatile one-pot green synthesis method to produce a concentrated and stable colloidal solution of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) by selfassembling tannic acid, avoiding any harmful chemicals. The silver particles were later deposited on the cotton fabrics. The surface morphologies were analyzed by SEM and the presence of metals was inspected by dynamic light scattering and XRD. In second step, the natural antibacterial dye from the pomegranate peel was prepared and the fabrics of silver coated cotton were treated by the exhaust dyeing method. We assessed the CILAB (L*, a*, b*, C, h, and K/S) and color fastness properties of the dyed fabric samples. Additionally, we evaluated the antipathogenic properties (antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal) of all coated fabrics.
Keywords: Silver nanoparticles; Antibacterial bandages; Natural dyes; Green synthesis; Aesthetic properties; S. Aureous; E. Coli.
Pages: 85-91
CUTTING ROOM SOFTWARE: ENHANCING EFFICIENCY IN GARMENT PRODUCTION
Authors: ARSOY, RAŞIT
Abstract: The rapid growth of the ready-to-wear industry has created a need for continuous improvement, along with the necessity to shorten production times and increase quality. The processes in this industry comprise a series of sequential activities carried out by machines and workers in a specific order. Particularly before cutting, checking model information is critically important. However, the various document formats used in the industry and the software employed to manage this data can complicate the work for personnel. In this context, there is a need for user-friendly software to enhance operational efficiency and minimize errors. This research aims to develop software focused on cutting processes. The developed software allows users to quickly and effectively access model and fabric information, measurement charts, and warehouse data, while simplifying complex processes. Additionally, its simple interface enables use without the need for special training and allows for the remote management of processes. As a result, the software aims to increase operational efficiency while reducing errors and workload.
Keywords: Software; Cut Order Plan; Wastage; Depot.
Pages: 92-95
THE TYPES OF TEXTILES USED IN THE FACADE AND ROOFING SYSTEMS OF STADIUM FACILITIES IN TURKEY
Authors: ŞAHIN, YELDA DURGUN1 AND OKUR, MEHMET
Abstract: Technical textiles are functional fabrics that have applications across including both construction (BuildTech) and architecture (ArchiTech). This technical textile is developed for high-tech and high-performance applications. In modern architecture, high-performance textile materials are highly valued and widely used in various applications, including self-cleaning, low-maintenance structures, fabric canopies, and energyefficient buildings. They are also utilized for high-performance façades, energy-harvesting curtains, flexible mega-structures, responsive phase-change materials, air-supported fabric constructions, thermal regulation, green roofs, smart living spaces, acoustic solutions, advanced building materials, and creating habitable spaces in extreme weather conditions. In this study, the types of textiles used in the facade and roofing systems of stadium facilities in Türkiye have been examined. The advantageous properties of textiles employed in stadium structures characterized by substantial roof and facade openings at the structural scale have been critically analyzed in relation to other conventional building materials. The technical textile material summary demonstrates the tremendous diversity of today's membrane materials using stadium facilities in Turkey.
Keywords: Technical textiles; Stadium facilities; Facade and roofing system.
Pages: 96-101
NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF 3D-DISTANCE FABRICS
Authors: VOTRUBEC, VLASTIMIL
Abstract: This paper presents the results of numerical simulations conducted on inflated panels made from 3D distance fabrics. 3D distance fabrics constitute a subset of 3D woven fabrics. If coated, the structure of the fabric permits the formation of a panel with parallel layers through the process of air inflation. The pressurised air creates a stiff, lightweight and fail-safe structure that can be utilised in a multitude of applications. The mechanical behaviour of these panels can be described analytically by appropriate mathematical theory; however, this approach remains limited to common loading cases. This paper presents computational method for numerical simulations of inflated panels, including determination of the deflections of skins and the distribution of stress. The simulations are based on the results of material property tests and a nonlinear geometric model. The results are then compared with the mathematical theory and experimental data. The results demonstrate the efficacy of this approach and illustrate its advantages. Furthermore, an illustrative example of a specific loading case is presented to demonstrate the versatility of this approach for predicting the behaviour and conducting structural analysis of loaded 3D fabric panels.
Keywords: Simulations; FEM; Distance fabric; 3D fabric. 102-106